Case 355 Medical history Newborn female patient, term gestation with induced vaginal labour, APGAR 6/5, kept in 5 until 20 minutes of life. High risk prenatal due to neurological malformations, IUGR and hydrocephaly, observed in the 31st week ultrasound (US) and severe bilateral ventriculomegaly, enlarged posterior fossa and III ventricle and hypoplasia of the vermis observed in the 36th week US. After stabilization, patient was submitted to a brain MRI for neurological evaluation. Image 1: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, axial view at the pons level, T1-weighted.Image 2: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, axial view at the lateral ventricles level, T2-weighted, lateral ventricles level. Image 3: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, sagittal view, T1 BRAVO-weighted, midline level. https://imagemdasemana.medicina.ufmg.br/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/4-Video-1.mov Question Considering the clinical data and the images, the most likely diagnosis is: Type II Arnold Chiari. Blake’s pouch cyst. Dandy-Walker malformation PHACE syndrome Test question (Medical Residence 2015 – EBSERH - ADAPTED) The foetal CNS anomaly in which, at US, the liquid located at an dilated cisterna magna clearly communicates with the IV ventricle through a malformation in the cerebellar vermis and the cerebellar hemispheres are obviously distinct, with usual ventriculomegaly, is named: Arnold Chiari malformation Dandy-Walker syndrome Agenesis of the corpus callosum Hydrocephaly Time is Up! Time's up
