Medical history Male patient, 4 months old, with prenatal diagnosis of bilateral hydronephrosis, not investigated in the neonatal period and without prescription of prophylactic antibiotics. At 4 months old, he presented the first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), treated with cephalexin. After treatment, a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) and, then, a static renal scintigraphy (99mTc-DMSA) were requested, as well as antibiotic prophylaxis with nitrofurantoin was started. Image 1: Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), anteroposterior view, filling phase.Image 2: Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), anteroposterior view, voiding phase.Image 3: Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), left anterior oblique view, voiding phase, without vesical catheter.Image 4: Static renal scintigraphy (99mTc-DMSA). Question Considering the clinical history and the images presented, what is the most likely diagnosis? Bilateral ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction Bilateral ureterocele Posterior urethral valve (PUV) Bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) Test question [UFF - Medical Residency 2014] Female child, 4 years old, presents recurrent urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux. The most effective exam to demonstrate an eventual renal scar is: Intravenous urography Voiding cystourethrogram Abdominal ultrasonography Renal arteriography Static renal scintigraphy (99mTc-DMSA) Time is Up! Time's up
